{"id":996,"date":"2012-10-10T08:54:20","date_gmt":"2012-10-10T08:54:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.informe-espana.es\/?p=996"},"modified":"2012-10-10T08:54:20","modified_gmt":"2012-10-10T08:54:20","slug":"dinamica-empresarial-y-supervivencia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.comillas.edu\/informeespana\/2012\/10\/10\/dinamica-empresarial-y-supervivencia\/","title":{"rendered":"Din\u00e1mica empresarial y supervivencia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\t\t\t\tUn factor a tener en cuenta en el an\u00e1lisis de los efectos de la crisis es la estructura de las empresas espa\u00f1olas. Su tama\u00f1o es una variable clave que explica comportamientos diferenciados entre las empresas. Una de las caracter\u00edsticas de las empresas en Espa\u00f1a es el predominio de pymes y micropymes, rasgo com\u00fan a muchos pa\u00edses europeos.<\/p>\n<p>Los datos del Directorio Central de Empresas muestran que durante la \u00faltima d\u00e9cada el porcentaje de empresas con menos de 10 trabajadores se ha mantenido estable en torno al 94% y m\u00e1s de la mitad no ten\u00eda ning\u00fan trabajador.<\/p>\n<p>El n\u00famero de empresas en 2011 ascend\u00eda a 3.250.576, un 29,1% m\u00e1s que once a\u00f1os antes (gr\u00e1fico 14). El m\u00e1ximo se alcanz\u00f3 en 2008, con 3,4 millones de empresas (un 35,9% m\u00e1s que en 1999). El proceso de destrucci\u00f3n de empleo en los tres \u00faltimos a\u00f1os ha ido acompa\u00f1ado tambi\u00e9n de una reducci\u00f3n en el n\u00famero de empresas.<\/p>\n<p>Hasta 2008, el clima econ\u00f3mico favoreci\u00f3 tanto la aparici\u00f3n de nuevas empresas como la permanencia de las existentes, de forma que el n\u00famero de empresas crec\u00eda de forma sostenida. Con la excepci\u00f3n de 2002, las altas aumentaron hasta 2008 a un ritmo elevado, mientras que las bajas se manten\u00edan estables en torno a las 250.000 anuales. En consecuencia, el n\u00famero de empresas crec\u00eda a una tasa de un 3%-4% anual.<\/p>\n<p>El cambio de tendencia (descenso en el n\u00famero de altas y aumento en el de bajas) se observa ligeramente en 2008\u00a0 y con claridad en 2009. En este a\u00f1o, las altas se reducen un 18,7% y las bajas aumentan un 23,5%, con el resultado de un descenso del 1,9% en el n\u00famero total de empresas. Se puede apreciar que las bajas, que se hab\u00edan mantenido relativamente constantes en torno a las 250.000 por a\u00f1o, se elevan hasta alcanzar las 400.000 en 2010. De hecho, en los tres \u00faltimos a\u00f1os el n\u00famero de bajas supera al de altas, un balance negativo que hace que se reduzca el n\u00famero total de empresas.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gr\u00e1fico 14 \u2013 Evoluci\u00f3n del n\u00famero de empresas, de las altas y de las bajas. En miles. 1999-2011<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.informe-espana.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/C1-G14.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-997 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.informe-espana.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/C1-G14.jpg\" alt=\"C1-G14\" width=\"500\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"line-height: 1.6em\">Fuente:<\/strong><span style=\"line-height: 1.6em\">\u00a0Elaboraci\u00f3n Fundaci\u00f3n Encuentro a partir de INE: D<\/span><em style=\"line-height: 1.6em\">irectorio Central de Empresas (DIRCE)<\/em><span style=\"line-height: 1.6em\">, varios a\u00f1os.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Esta evoluci\u00f3n de las altas y las bajas de las empresas ha sido sustancialmente distinta en funci\u00f3n de la rama de actividad. En la tabla 9 se puede observar que una destaca sobre las dem\u00e1s: las \u201cActividades inmobiliarias\u201d. En 2007, el n\u00famero de altas en este sector triplicaba el existente en 1999. En ese mismo per\u00edodo, tambi\u00e9n las bajas crecieron, situ\u00e1ndose por encima del resto de actividades. Sin embargo, este proceso no tuvo la misma intensidad, de forma que el n\u00famero de empresas de actividades inmobiliarias se multiplic\u00f3 por tres, pasando de 71.405 en 1999 a m\u00e1s de 237.325 en 2008. Esta rama supon\u00eda un peque\u00f1o porcentaje del total de empresas en 1999, un 2,8%, porcentaje que lleg\u00f3 al 7% en 2008. La magnitud de su crecimiento da una idea muy clara de la intensidad de la burbuja inmobiliaria en nuestro pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tabla 9 \u2013 Evoluci\u00f3n de las altas y las bajas de empresas por ramas de actividad. En n\u00fameros \u00edndice. Base 1999=100. 1999-2011<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"85%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\"><strong>2000<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\"><strong>2001<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\"><strong>2002<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\"><strong>2003<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\"><strong>2004<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\"><strong>2005<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\"><strong>2006<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\"><strong>2007<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\"><strong>2008<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\"><strong>2009<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\">\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\"><strong>Altas<\/strong><\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Industria<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">94,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">93,8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">86,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">81,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">76,5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">74,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">72,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">79,8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">81,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">79,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Construcci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">108,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">115,5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">114,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">124,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">138,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">136,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">167,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">179,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">159,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">107,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Comercio<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">98,8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">97,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">90,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">92,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">94,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">95,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">95,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">91,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">91,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">84,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Hosteler\u00eda<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">103,8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">98,5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">96,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">101,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">110,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">101,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">103,8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">102,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">105,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">102,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Transporte<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">100,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">94,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">93,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">91,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">91,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">98,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">106,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">118,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">111,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">84,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Intermediaci\u00f3n financiera<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">113,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">111,8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">90,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">106,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">101,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">96,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">114,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">117,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">138,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">115,5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Actividades inmobiliarias<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">99,8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">107,5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">103,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">119,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">147,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">211,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">274,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">296,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">229,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">127,5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Actividades empresariales<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">98,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">103,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">95,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">103,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">111,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">107,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">123,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">125,5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">127,5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">91,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Educaci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">105,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">103,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">92,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">96,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">107,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">119,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">128,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">134,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">132,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">135,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Sanidad<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">100,8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">100,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">91,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">92,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">91,5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">100,5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">107,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">108,5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">110,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">107,5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Otros servicios<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">111,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">100,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">100,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">103,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">117,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">128,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">143,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">150,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">156,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">148,8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\"><strong>Total<\/strong><\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>101,6<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>101,7<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>96,4<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>101,2<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>108,0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>110,3<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>122,4<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>125,7<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>121,2<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>98,5<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#CCCCCC\">\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\"><strong>Bajas<\/strong><\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Industria<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">83,8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">85,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">80,8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">75,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">65,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">67,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">80,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">63,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">70,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">83,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Construcci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">86,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">97,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">98,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">102,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">101,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">107,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">135,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">129,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">174,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">303,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Comercio<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">87,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">88,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">86,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">77,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">71,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">73,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">83,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">72,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">83,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">87,8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Hosteler\u00eda<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">84,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">89,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">88,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">81,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">77,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">89,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">88,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">82,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">91,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">90,8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Transporte<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">90,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">96,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">82,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">78,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">73,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">74,8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">90,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">76,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">88,8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">96,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Intermediaci\u00f3n financiera<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">103,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">117,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">133,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">92,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">79,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">84,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">92,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">91,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">120,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">143,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Actividades inmobiliarias<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">107,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">122,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">123,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">121,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">134,5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">120,5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">158,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">137,5<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">257,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">385,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Actividades empresariales<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">96,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">96,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">94,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">86,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">86,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">82,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">95,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">89,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">116,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">136,8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Educaci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">106,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">121,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">117,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">102,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">103,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">98,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">110,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">108,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">130,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">139,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Sanidad<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">92,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">94,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">98,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">80,0<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">76,8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">68,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">75,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">71,1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">88,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">106,6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">Otros servicios<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">91,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">90,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">90,3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">89,8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">91,2<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">102,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">116,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">110,4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">138,7<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\">148,9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\"><strong>Total<\/strong><\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>89,1<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>93,0<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>90,8<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>84,6<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>80,5<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>83,3<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>95,6<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>86,1<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>106,8<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"nowrap\">\n<div align=\"right\"><strong>131,9<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Fuente:\u00a0<\/strong>Elaboraci\u00f3n Fundaci\u00f3n Encuentro a partir de\u00a0<strong><span style=\"color: #ff9900\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ine.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"color: #ff9900\">INE<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong>:\u00a0<em>Directorio Central de Empresas (DIRCE)<\/em>, varios a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n<p>Otra de las ramas de actividad que ha tenido un crecimiento intenso en el per\u00edodo de an\u00e1lisis ha sido la \u201cConstrucci\u00f3n\u201d, que pas\u00f3 de suponer el 10,8% del total de las empresas al 14,6%. Su din\u00e1mica ha sido muy similar a la de las \u201cActividades inmobiliarias\u201d, puesto que ambas est\u00e1n muy relacionadas. En 2007 hab\u00eda casi un 80% m\u00e1s de empresas que en 1999, mientras que en 2009 se volvi\u00f3 al nivel del a\u00f1o 2000. Las bajas, que entre 1999 y 2005 eran un n\u00famero muy estable, empiezan a aumentar en 2007, alcanzando su m\u00e1ximo en 2009.<\/p>\n<p>En definitiva, estos datos relacionados con la din\u00e1mica empresarial muestran que el crecimiento del n\u00famero de empresas vinculadas a la \u201cConstrucci\u00f3n\u201d y a las \u201cActividades inmobiliarias\u201d alcanzaba cifras no registradas en ning\u00fan otro sector antes de 2007, por lo que dichas ramas estaban sobrerrepresentadas en la econom\u00eda espa\u00f1ola. Entre 2007 y 2009, el ajuste que se ha producido vuelve a situar a estos sectores en niveles a\u00fan por encima de la situaci\u00f3n del a\u00f1o 2000 pero, sin duda, menores a los registrados en 2007.\t\t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un factor a tener en cuenta en el an\u00e1lisis de los efectos de la crisis es la estructura de las empresas espa\u00f1olas. Su tama\u00f1o es una variable clave que explica comportamientos diferenciados entre las empresas. Una de las caracter\u00edsticas de las empresas en Espa\u00f1a es el predominio de pymes y micropymes, rasgo com\u00fan a muchos &#8230; <a title=\"Din\u00e1mica empresarial y supervivencia\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.comillas.edu\/informeespana\/2012\/10\/10\/dinamica-empresarial-y-supervivencia\/\" aria-label=\"Leer m\u00e1s sobre Din\u00e1mica empresarial y supervivencia\">Leer m\u00e1s <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":357,"featured_media":978,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,12,15],"tags":[222,1188,477,1191,1194,18,1197,108],"class_list":["post-996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informe-espana","category-informe-espana-2011","category-paro","tag-crisis","tag-dirce","tag-empresas-2","tag-estructura-empresarial","tag-micropymes","tag-paro","tag-pymes","tag-trabajadores"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.comillas.edu\/informeespana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/996","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.comillas.edu\/informeespana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.comillas.edu\/informeespana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.comillas.edu\/informeespana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/357"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.comillas.edu\/informeespana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=996"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.comillas.edu\/informeespana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/996\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.comillas.edu\/informeespana\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.comillas.edu\/informeespana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.comillas.edu\/informeespana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.comillas.edu\/informeespana\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}